Make timeout configurable

**Edit**: Summary of timeouts to make configurable:

- [ ] Inner process spawn
- [ ] Web socket

Original issue:
----

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [X] I have searched the existing issues

### OS/Web Information

- Web Browser: Chrome
- Local OS: Windows 10
- Remote OS: Ubuntu 22
- Remote Architecture: x86_64
- `code-server --version`:

4.14.1 5c199629305a0b935b4388b7db549f77eae82b5a with Code 1.79.2

### Steps to Reproduce

1. Install the code-server version above, and launch it using this command: `/usr/lib/rstudio-server/bin/code-server/bin/code-server --verbose --host=0.0.0.0 --port=40400 --disable-getting-started-override --disable-update-check --disable-telemetry`

### Expected

code server should start as expected on port 40400

### Actual

The following error messages are spawned:

[2024-07-24T15:47:42.792Z] debug parent:3106566 spawned child process 3107105
[2024-07-24T15:47:52.794Z] error timed out
[2024-07-24T15:47:52.795Z] debug parent:3106566 disposing {}

Included a strace of the startup:
[108342_2024-08-05-14_18_30_24Jul24Codeserver.log](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/16531129/108342_2024-08-05-14_18_30_24Jul24Codeserver.log)

### Logs

_No response_

### Screenshot/Video

_No response_

### Does this bug reproduce in native VS Code?

This cannot be tested in native VS Code

### Does this bug reproduce in GitHub Codespaces?

This cannot be tested in GitHub Codespaces

### Are you accessing code-server over a secure context?

- [X] I am using a secure context.

### Notes

This was previously working, and the only time-related change that I've been able to identify is a restriction on outbound traffic for most URLs. The only clue I have at the moment is that the way outbound traffic has been blocked doesn't immediately show as connection blocked/no route to host. `curl` commands to blocked addresses get stuck at `Trying` and essentially never time out. I've used code-server in a completely offline context, but I'm wondering if there's some unexpected bug or error happening because some outbound connectivity test being executed by a child process just never returns.