`py_binary` does not have runfiles created if called transitively through `sh_binary`

# 🐞 bug report

### Affected Rule

This issue discusses the behavior of a `py_binary` target.

### Is this a regression?

Haven't done a thorough search of past versions yet, but this _does work correctly_ in bazel `6.4.0` and we are now seeing issues in bazel `7.5.0`. During the switch, both systems were running `rules_python` version `0.37.0`.

### Description

When a `py_binary` is invoked, the backend will create the necessary `.runfiles` directory that includes the relevant dependencies for running the target. There are cases in our system where it useful to wrap the calling of this `py_binary` behind a `sh_binary` as a data dependency. One such example is to make use of console scripts like `flake8` in the repository as if they were installed in a virtual environment. If one uses the `py_console_script_binary` target directly, all supplied paths to lint must be absolute since the current working directory is modified by bazel when running the target. By changing the working directory, we can get the benefit of having hermetic tooling as a drop-in replacement for something normally provided in a virtual environment.

## 🔬 Minimal Reproduction

Attached a zip of a repro. Instructions to reproduce the behavior are in the README.

## 🔥 Exception or Error

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/home/nathanael/.cache/bazel/_bazel_nathanael/e616dc8a3f01de94997c692cfb80f031/execroot/_main/bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/hello_world", line 580, in 

    Main()

  File "/home/nathanael/.cache/bazel/_bazel_nathanael/e616dc8a3f01de94997c692cfb80f031/execroot/_main/bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/hello_world", line 471, in Main

    module_space = FindModuleSpace(main_rel_path)

  File "/home/nathanael/.cache/bazel/_bazel_nathanael/e616dc8a3f01de94997c692cfb80f031/execroot/_main/bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/hello_world", line 181, in FindModuleSpace

    raise AssertionError('Cannot find .runfiles directory for %s' % sys.argv[0])

AssertionError: Cannot find .runfiles directory for /home/nathanael/.cache/bazel/_bazel_nathanael/e616dc8a3f01de94997c692cfb80f031/execroot/_main/bazel-out/k8-fastbuild/bin/src/hello_world

## 🌍 Your Environment

**Operating System:**

  

$ lsb_release -a

No LSB modules are available.

Distributor ID:	Ubuntu

Description:	Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS

Release:	22.04

Codename:	jammy

(mono) ~/devel/rules_pyt

  

**Output of `bazel version`:**

  

bazel 7.5.0

  

**Rules_python version:**
0.37.0

[rules_python_runfiles_repro-main.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/19251090/rules_python_runfiles_repro-main.zip)

**Anything else relevant?**

Thanks for making `rules_python` 😃 We're doing a lot of cool things with it!

Comienza con el README del archivo rules_python_runfiles_repro adjunto y ejecuta su reproducción con Bazel 7.5.0. Compara un py_binary invocado directamente con otro al que se llega transitivamente a través de sh_binary o py_console_script_binary; después, verifica que se cree el directorio esperado target.runfiles y que ya no se produzca el AssertionError reproducido.

Escrito por el modelo de indexación a partir del texto del issue.