feat(testing): property-based tests for validation, numeric utils, and Cedar determinism (CA-02)

> **This is a finding from https://github.com/krokoko/cairn** (action item **CA-02**).

### Component

API or orchestration / Agent (Python runtime)

### Describe the feature

Add **property-based tests** (`fast-check` for TypeScript, `Hypothesis` for Python) for the exactly-verifiable surfaces of the codebase:

- **Validation / bounds** (`cdk/src/handlers/shared/validation.ts`, `numeric.ts`) — generators **driven from `contracts/constants.json`** so the oracle cannot rot when bounds change. Assert: in-range values accepted, out-of-range rejected, normalization is idempotent (`normalize(normalize(x)) == normalize(x)`), parse↔serialize round-trips, monotonic clamping.
- **Numeric / timestamp utils** — round-trip and monotonicity properties.
- **Cedar decision determinism** — decision invariant under attribute reordering; deny overrides permit; unknown action → default deny (complements the existing `contracts/cedar-parity/` differential golden suite).

Mirror the validation properties in Python with Hypothesis where the agent re-validates input.

### Use case

The validation/bounds and numeric suites today assert **hardcoded expected values** duplicated from `contracts/constants.json`. This is an oracle-rot risk: when a bound changes in `constants.json`, the hardcoded expectations silently drift and the suite proves nothing. Property-based testing replaces brittle example-based oracles with invariants derived from the single source of truth, and is the cheapest high-leverage oracle for the deterministic, "exactly-verifiable" surfaces. This also closes AI009 (happy-path-only coverage) on these surfaces.

### Proposed solution

1. Add `fast-check` as a dev dependency to `cdk` (and `cli` where `format.ts` warrants it).
2. For each bounded field, load the bound from `contracts/constants.json` and generate values inside/outside the range, asserting accept/reject.
3. Assert normalization idempotence and parse↔serialize round-trips.
4. Add `Hypothesis` to `agent/` and mirror the validation properties where the agent re-validates.
5. Add a permutation property for Cedar decision determinism alongside the existing parity fixtures.

### Acceptance criteria

- [ ] `fast-check` (TS) and `Hypothesis` (Py) are wired into the existing test tasks (`mise //cdk:test`, `mise //agent:test`).
- [ ] Validation/bounds generators read ranges from `contracts/constants.json` — **no** hardcoded bound literals in the property tests.
- [ ] Properties cover: in-range accept, out-of-range reject, idempotent normalize, round-trip serialize.
- [ ] Cedar decision-determinism property added (attribute reordering invariant; unknown action → deny).
- [ ] Tests run in the standard unit lane and pass in CI's required `build` check.

### Other information

Source reports: `readiness-roadmap.md`, `verification-report.md` (Missing Oracles / oracle-rot watch), `verification-strategy.md` (§"Validation / bounds (highest impact-per-effort)"), `ai-smells-gates-report.md` (AI009). Effort: **M**. Depends on CA-01 (coverage floor) landing first. Per ADR-003 this issue needs the `approved` label before work begins.

Inizia da cdk/src/handlers/shared/validation.ts, numeric.ts, contracts/constants.json e dai fixture esistenti di contracts/cedar-parity; esegui mise //cdk:test e mise //agent:test per comprendere le lane di unit test attuali. Poi esamina i percorsi di validazione dell'agent e i test Cedar esistenti. Il lavoro è completato quando le proprietà TypeScript e Python usano limiti derivati dal contratto, il determinismo di Cedar è coperto ed entrambe le attività di test standard superano il controllo di build richiesto.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.