Add `String::isInt()` and `String::isFloat()` for more robust String parsing/conversion

### Describe the request

I propose adding two new member functions to the `String` class:

```cpp
int String::isInt()
```
Returns a value different from zero if `String` is a valid representation of an integer.
Returns zero otherwise.

```cpp
int String::isFloat()
```
Returns a value different from zero if `String` is a valid representation of a floating point number.
Returns zero otherwise.

🙂 The user will be able to validate a `String` prior to attempting a conversion to `int` or `float`

### Describe the current behavior

The current implementations of `String::toInt()` and `String::toFloat()` rely on `atol()` and `atof()`, respectively:

https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-API/blob/0f4e57ea193a00163ae59f0f0ff478feae7eb5db/api/String.cpp#L733-L748

Both `atol()` and `atof()` have no means of signaling a failed conversion due to improper input `String`s (both return `0` upon error).

🙁 The functions do not provide the user with an indication of a failed conversion.

### ArduinoCore-API version

Last verified with: 0f4e57ea193a00163ae59f0f0ff478feae7eb5db

### Additional context

#### Related

- https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/issues/1796
- https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/issues/7177
- https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-API/issues/88

Inizia in api/String.cpp, intorno alle implementazioni collegate di String::toInt() e String::toFloat(), quindi esamina le issue di Arduino correlate per il comportamento di parsing previsto. Il lavoro è completo quando String::isInt() e String::isFloat() sono disponibili e distinguono le rappresentazioni valide dagli input non validi senza confondere un errore di conversione con uno zero numerico.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.