[feature request] C++ client support producer access mode.

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

The current java client supports four access modes: `Shared`, `Exclusive`, `ExclusiveWithFencing`, and `WaitForExclusive`.

C++ and Python also needs support.

The issue is responsible for tracking, and specific tasks can be disassembled to do.

### Solution

Refer PIP:
1. [PIP 68: Exclusive Producer](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/wiki/PIP-68%3A-Exclusive-Producer)
2. [PIP161: ExclusiveWithFencing](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues/15528)

### Alternatives

_No response_

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

先阅读 PIP 68: Exclusive Producer 和 PIP161: ExclusiveWithFencing，然后将它们支持的 producer 访问模式与当前的 C++ 客户端进行比较。此 issue 是跟踪请求，而不是范围明确的任务，因此这里未定义已完成的工作和具体文件。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。