Unnecessary getFileStatus() calls on all part-files in ParquetInputFormat.getSplits

When testing Spark SQL Parquet support, we found that accessing large Parquet files located in S3 can be very slow. To be more specific, we have a S3 Parquet file with over 3,000 part-files, calling `ParquetInputFormat.getSplits` on it takes several minutes. (We were accessing this file from our office network rather than AWS.)

After some investigation, we found that `ParquetInputFormat.getSplits` is trying to call `getFileStatus()` on all part-files one by one sequentially ([here](https://github.com/apache/incubator-parquet-mr/blob/parquet-1.5.0/parquet-hadoop/src/main/java/parquet/hadoop/ParquetInputFormat.java#L370)). And in the case of S3, each `getFileStatus()` call issues an HTTP request and wait for the reply in a blocking manner, which is considerably expensive.

Actually all these `FileStatus` objects have already been fetched when footers are retrieved ([here](https://github.com/apache/incubator-parquet-mr/blob/parquet-1.5.0/parquet-hadoop/src/main/java/parquet/hadoop/ParquetInputFormat.java#L443)). Caching these `FileStatus` objects can greatly improve our S3 case (reduced from over 5 minutes to about 1.4 minutes).

Will submit a PR for this issue soon.

**Reporter**: [Cheng Lian](https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?name=lian+cheng) / @liancheng
#### Related issues:
- [Use LRU caching for footers in ParquetInputFormat.](https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/issues/1394) (relates to)
- [Cleanup FilteringParquetRowInputFormat](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2551) (is related to)
- [Reading Parquet InputSplits dominates query execution time when reading off S3](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2119) (is related to)
- [Improve Parquet IO Performance within cloud datalakes](https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/issues/2912) (is depended upon by)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [PARQUET-16](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-16). Please see the [migration documentation](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-2502) for further details.*}

Beginne in parquet-hadoop/src/main/java/parquet/hadoop/ParquetInputFormat.java bei getSplits und dem im Issue verknüpften Pfad zum Abrufen der Footer. Verfolge, wie FileStatus-Objekte abgerufen werden, und überprüfe anschließend, dass getSplits sie nicht mehr sequenziell für jede part-file abruft. Vergleiche außerdem die im Report beschriebene Zeitmessung für S3 oder große Dateien.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.