[Bug]

### Search before asking

- [x] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/iotdb/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Version

2.0.4

### Describe the bug and provide the minimal reproduce step

Cursor.py Cursor class function execute() logs an error but does not return an error

the user, that is me, has to look at the console to see the error written to the console - for my interfacing code

to see the error, the work around is, as far as I can tell, to add a logging stream handler and

then check that output after each currsor.execute() call

I'm thinking that the right thing to do would be for the execute function to return an error

Note also the logged error is not as complete as it could be, that is, the error message is vague when

the logged message is failed to execute statement

the cli message is, for my failed case returned from copying the sql statement into the cli is:

INSERT INTO root.db.haystack.ops.mhr_uhf_tca_power_data.data(timestamp,name,ts,ip,hbe,hbp,state,info)values(1755791127,2.300911,5.917624,8.158934,14.789080,18.413770,22.073236,24.537928,29.037948,32.026225,37.750438,42.648634,45.208809)
Msg: org.apache.iotdb.jdbc.IoTDBSQLException: 701: the measurementList's size 7 is not consistent with the valueList's size 12

So I'm asking for two things:
1. return an error to the calling function when there is an error
2. return equal information to what the cli returns

thank you
bob s

### What did you expect to see?

I expected the calling function to return an error

### What did you see instead?

no error returned

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

Beginne mit der Untersuchung des Verhaltens von Cursor.execute() in Cursor.py und des Fehlerpfads für fehlgeschlagene Anweisungen. Reproduziere die gemeldete Diskrepanz zwischen der Anzahl von Messungen und Werten und vergleiche dann den zurückgegebenen Fehler mit der vollständigen Diagnose der CLI. Fertig ist die Aufgabe, wenn der aufrufende Code einen Fehler erhält und die Meldung gleichwertige Details wie die CLI-Ausgabe enthält.

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