Incorrect results: Bloom filters on `UInt8`, `Int8`, `UInt16` and `Int16` columns always return false negatives

### Describe the bug

Bloom filters on these columns always filter out every value.

### To Reproduce

#9778 demonstrates this, through `correct_bloom_filters: false` as macro "parameter".

### Expected behavior

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

Start with the reproduction described in #9778, including the correct_bloom_filters macro parameter, and trace the Bloom-filter path for UInt8, Int8, UInt16, and Int16 columns. Confirm the fix by verifying that these types no longer filter out every value and that the reproduction passes without false negatives.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.