All array functions should represent `NULL` as an element

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

Follow on to https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/pull/6662
We have important problem related to using array functions with `NULL` statements. As @alamb said in PR (see below for full details) DataFusion casting system should be adapted for it, otherwise it will always throw errors.

The current implementation:
```
❯ select array_append([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], NULL);
Optimizer rule 'simplify_expressions' failed
caused by
This feature is not implemented: Array_append is not implemented for types 'Int64' and 'Null'.
```

Should be:
```
❯ select array_append([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], NULL);
----
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, NULL]
```

### Describe the solution you'd like

@alamb statement about the issue:
> I am not sure about this approach of taking either a `ListArray` or a `NullArray`
>
> In the other functions, the way NULL is treated is that the input types are always the same (in this case ListArray) and the values would be `null` (aka `array.is_valid(i)` would return false for rows that are null.
>
> Complicating matters is if you type a literal `null` in sql like:
>
> ```sql
> select array_concat([1,2], null)
> ```
>
> That comes to DataFusion as a `null` literal (with DataType::Null). The coercion / casting logic normally will coerce this to the appropriate type.
>
> For example, here is how I think arithmetic works with null:
>
> ```sql
> select 1 + NULL
> ```
>
> Arrives like
>
> ```sql
> ScalarValue::Int32(Some(1)) + ScalarValue::Null
> ```
>
> And then the coercion logic will add a cast to Int32:
>
> ```sql
> ScalarValue::Int32(Some(1)) + CAST(ScalarValue::Null, DataType::Int32)
> ```
>
> And then the constant folder will collapse this into:
>
> ```sql
> ScalarValue::Int32(Some(1)) + ScalarValue::Int32(None)
> ```
>
> So by the time the arithmetic kernel sees it, it only has to deal with arguments of `Int32`

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

Beginne damit, die SQL-Beispiele für array_append und array_concat mit NULL zu reproduzieren, und verfolge dann die im Issue beschriebene Typbehandlung der Array-Funktionen sowie die Logik zur Koerzierung/Typumwandlung. Erledigt ist die Aufgabe, wenn Array-Funktionen ein NULL-Literal als Element akzeptieren und das erwartete Array statt eines unsupported-type-Fehlers zurückgeben, einschließlich einer Abdeckung der betroffenen Funktionen.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.