Enable lazy argument evaluation for arbitrary scalar functions

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

If a scalar function currently want to use lazy argument evaluation it needs to implement `simplify` and rewrite itself into some other `PhysicalExpr` that implements lazy evaluation. `coalesce` being rewritten to `case` is a good example of this.

While this is fine for some situations, it would be more flexible if `ScalarUDF` implementations could control argument evaluation themselves rather than having to rewrite themselves.

There is a hint of support for this idea already in the form of `ScalarUDF#short_circuits`.

### Describe the solution you'd like

Provide some way to pass arguments whose evaluation is deferred to scalar UDF implementations so that those can control if and when arguments are evaluated.

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Additional context

Relates to #17982 and #17983

Inizia leggendo l’interfaccia ScalarUDF e il supporto esistente per short_circuits, quindi esamina le issue correlate #17982 e #17983 per il contesto. Determina come le UDF scalari potrebbero ricevere argomenti differiti e definisci il contratto di valutazione; il lavoro è completato quando funzioni scalari arbitrarie possono controllare se e quando tali argomenti vengono valutati.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.