Remove pyarrow as required dependency, relying on Arrow PyCapsule Interface

**Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.**

PyArrow is a massive dependency. Unpacked, it tends to be >100MB in size, and, until the latest versions (I think?) also required numpy as its own non-optional dependency.

It's also, in effect the only current dependency
https://github.com/apache/datafusion-python/blob/f0bbad7543717c5f08ba2acb92d42c9d30fd2355/pyproject.toml#L46

It would be great if we could remove it, and that would greatly lessen the minimal environment size for datafusion python.

[Many other Python Arrow libraries](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/39195#issuecomment-2245718008) implement the PyCapsule Interface, so the user can use nanoarrow, arro3, Polars, DuckDB, etc, or pyarrow. Whatever is best for them.

**Describe the solution you'd like**

The Arrow PyCapsule Interface is a lightweight, decentralized protocol for sharing Arrow data between Python libraries. We already implement the PyCapsule Interface, so it's just a matter of removing places where we hard-code use of pyarrow.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**

Keep pyarrow dependency.

**Additional context**

Comece inspecionando pyproject.toml na linha 46 e localizando os usos restantes de pyarrow codificados diretamente nos bindings de Python. Verifique como o suporte existente a Arrow PyCapsule Interface é usado nesses caminhos. O trabalho estará concluído quando pyarrow não for mais necessário e os caminhos afetados continuarem a oferecer suporte a provedores de dados Arrow.

Escrita pelo modelo de indexação a partir do texto da issue.