[Java] Port Row Set abstraction from Drill to Arrow

Arrow is a great way to exchange data between systems. Somewhere in the process, however, data must be load into, and read out of the Arrow vectors.

Arrow's vector code started with similar code in Apache Drill. The Drill project created a "Row Set" abstraction that:
- Provides a simple way to define the schema for a set of batches.
- Loads data into vectors from row-oriented inputs.
- Reads data out of vectors in row-oriented output.
- Controls memory consumed by the record batch when loading data into vectors.
- Ensures maximum usage of the allocated vector space when loading data Into vectors.
- Optionally handles projection when reading data from an input file into a set of vectors.
- Optionally handles data conversion from input to vector formats.

This mechanism is handy for any Java developer who produces or consumes Arrow vectors.

Detailed information is available in [this wiki](https://github.com/paul-rogers/arrow/wiki), including a more detailed description of the motivation for this project, and an analysis of the work required to do the Drill-to-Arrow port.

The code is in Java simply because Drill is written in Java. The same mechanisms can be ported to other languages if useful. Those ports would be separate future projects.

The code will be placed in a new Java module which can be imported by projects that wish to use the code. Changes may be needed to expose items from the `vector` module; we'll tackle those issues if/when they occur.

**Reporter**: [Paul Rogers](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-3164)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-3164](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-3164). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Beginne mit dem verlinkten Arrow-Wiki, insbesondere mit dessen Motivation und der Analyse der Drill-to-Arrow-Portierung. Prüfe, wie das vorgeschlagene neue Java-Modul mit dem bestehenden Vektormodul interagieren sollte, und identifiziere alle erforderlichen Änderungen an der Sichtbarkeit. Als abgeschlossen gilt die Übertragung der Row Set-Abstraktion in ein importierbares Java-Modul mit den beschriebenen Fähigkeiten für Schema, Laden, Lesen, Speicher, Projektion und Konvertierung.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.