[C++][Java] Dataset: Support reading from fixed offset of a file for Parquet format

This adds property start_offset_ and length_ to FileSource and should be functional for Parquet dataset format. Supporting Java and C++ dataset API at this time.

**Reporter**: [Jin Chengcheng](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17159) / @jinchengchenghh
#### Related issues:
- [[C++][Java] Dataset: Support reading from fixed offset of a file for Parquet format](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/20332) (is duplicated by)
#### PRs and other links:
- [GitHub Pull Request apache/arrow#13673](https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/13673)
- [GitHub Pull Request apache/arrow#13688](https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/13688)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17159](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17159). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

首先检查 FileSource 以及 Java 和 C++ API 中现有的 Parquet 数据集实现，然后检查 PR #13673 和 #13688，以及重复 issue #20332。当使用 start_offset_ 和 length_ 的固定偏移读取能够在两个 API 中对 Parquet 数据集格式正常工作时，即视为完成。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。