[Java][FlightRPC] Flight SQL JDBC driver parameter binding improvements

### Describe the enhancement requested

Some followups from apache/arrow#38404 and apache/arrow#33475. For anyone interested in working on the driver, feel free to file specific issues for any one of these points.

- Add support for complex types
- Add integration testing with databases supporting Flight SQL
- Handle `null` values for bind parameters
- Use a more appropriate exception than `RuntimeException` in AvaticaParameterBinder
- Not all servers can always provide an accurate type for bind parameters. What should we do there? Note that ADBC uses NA/NullType as a wildcard/placeholder type here. This isn't specified in Flight SQL itself, but perhaps we could adopt that convention as well. (Also see: apache/arrow#38549)
- Improve the error message to make it clear when the server hasn't sent a parameter schema https://github.com/apache/arrow-java/issues/121

### Component(s)

FlightRPC, Java

Beginne mit den Binding-Arbeiten für den Flight SQL JDBC-Treiber und dem genannten Einstiegspunkt AvaticaParameterBinder. Teile die umfassende Liste in einen klar abgegrenzten Folgepunkt auf, identifiziere anschließend die relevante Integrationsabdeckung für Flight SQL-Datenbanken und definiere Abschlusskriterien für diesen Punkt.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.