[Java] Avro to Arrow Conversion Fails for Nested Schemas

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

I am trying to convert from avro format to arrow using the [AvroToArrow](https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/java/adapter/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/AvroToArrow.java) class.

Here is the documentation I am following: https://arrow.apache.org/cookbook/java/avro.html

There is a bug where this does not work for nested avro schemas. Here is an example:

`NestedRecordExample.avsc`
```
{
"namespace": "example.nested",
"type": "record",
"name": "NestedRecordExample",
"fields": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
},
{
"name": "NestedRecord1",
"type": {
"name": "NestedRecord1",
"type": "record",
"doc": "One layer deep nested record",
"fields": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "NestedRecord2",
"type": {
"name": "NestedRecord2",
"type": "record",
"doc": "One layer deep nested record that contains a sub record",
"fields": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
},
{
"name": "NestedRecord3",
"type": {
"name": "NestedRecord3",
"type": "record",
"doc": "two layer deep nested record",
"fields": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
}
]
}
}
]
}
},
{
"name": "NestedRecord4",
"type": {
"name": "NestedRecord4",
"type": "record",
"doc": "One layer deep nested record that contains an array of sub records",
"fields": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
},
{
"name": "NestedRecords",
"type": {
"name": "NestedRecords",
"type": "array",
"items": {
"name": "NestedRecord5",
"type": "record",
"fields": [
{
"name": "id",
"type": "int"
}
]
}
}
}
]
}
}
]
}
```

I wrote a single record using the above schema to a file `nested_record_example.avro` with the following data:
```json
{
"id": 1,
"NestedRecord1": {
"id": 2
},
"NestedRecord2": {
"id": 3,
"NestedRecord3": {
"id": 4
}
},
"NestedRecord4": {
"id": 5,
"NestedRecords": [
{
"id": 6
}
]
}
}
```

I then copied the boilerplate AvroToArrow code from the [documentation](https://arrow.apache.org/cookbook/java/avro.html):
```java
// Copied code from arrow docs: https://arrow.apache.org/cookbook/java/avro.html
BinaryDecoder decoder = new DecoderFactory().binaryDecoder(new FileInputStream("nested_record_example.avro"), null);
Schema schema = new Schema.Parser().parse(new File("NestedRecordExample.avsc"));
try (BufferAllocator allocator = new RootAllocator()) {
AvroToArrowConfig config = new AvroToArrowConfigBuilder(allocator).build();
try (AvroToArrowVectorIterator avroToArrowVectorIterator = AvroToArrow.avroToArrowIterator(schema, decoder, config)) {
while(avroToArrowVectorIterator.hasNext()) {
try (VectorSchemaRoot root = avroToArrowVectorIterator.next()) {
System.out.print(root.contentToTSVString());
}
}
}
}
```

This results in an error from the `AvroToArrow.avroToArrowIterator()` call:
```
java.lang.RuntimeException: Error occurs while creating iterator.
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.create(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:85)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrow.avroToArrowIterator(AvroToArrow.java:65)
at [ My Project calling AvroToArrow.avroToArrowIterator() ]
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:56)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:108)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:58)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:40)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.java:60)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:52)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker$2.run(TestWorker.java:176)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.executeAndMaintainThreadName(TestWorker.java:129)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:100)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:60)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.ActionExecutionWorker.execute(ActionExecutionWorker.java:56)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:113)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:65)
at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.run(GradleWorkerMain.java:69)
at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.main(GradleWorkerMain.java:74)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error occurs while consuming data.
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.consumeData(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:128)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.load(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:147)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.initialize(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:98)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.create(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:81)
... 45 more
Caused by: org.apache.arrow.memory.OutOfMemoryException: Failure allocating buffer.
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL.allocate(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:67)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.NettyAllocationManager.(NettyAllocationManager.java:77)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.NettyAllocationManager.(NettyAllocationManager.java:84)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.NettyAllocationManager$1.create(NettyAllocationManager.java:34)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.newAllocationManager(BaseAllocator.java:355)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.newAllocationManager(BaseAllocator.java:350)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.bufferWithoutReservation(BaseAllocator.java:338)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.buffer(BaseAllocator.java:316)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.RootAllocator.buffer(RootAllocator.java:29)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.buffer(BaseAllocator.java:280)
at org.apache.arrow.memory.RootAllocator.buffer(RootAllocator.java:29)
at org.apache.arrow.vector.BaseValueVector.allocFixedDataAndValidityBufs(BaseValueVector.java:224)
at org.apache.arrow.vector.BaseFixedWidthVector.reAlloc(BaseFixedWidthVector.java:442)
at org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.AbstractStructVector.reAlloc(AbstractStructVector.java:144)
at org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.StructVector.reAlloc(StructVector.java:459)
at org.apache.arrow.consumers.AvroArraysConsumer.ensureInnerVectorCapacity(AvroArraysConsumer.java:71)
at org.apache.arrow.consumers.AvroArraysConsumer.consume(AvroArraysConsumer.java:48)
at org.apache.arrow.consumers.AvroStructConsumer.consume(AvroStructConsumer.java:48)
at org.apache.arrow.consumers.CompositeAvroConsumer.consume(CompositeAvroConsumer.java:48)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.consumeData(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:105)
... 48 more
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Direct buffer memory
at java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:175)
at java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.(DirectByteBuffer.java:118)
at java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:317)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledDirectByteBuf.allocateDirect(UnpooledDirectByteBuf.java:104)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator$InstrumentedUnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.allocateDirect(UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java:215)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledDirectByteBuf.(UnpooledDirectByteBuf.java:64)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.(UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.java:41)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator$InstrumentedUnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.(UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java:210)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java:91)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL$InnerAllocator.newDirectBufferL(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:171)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL$InnerAllocator.directBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:214)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL.allocate(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:58)
... 67 more

Error occurs while consuming data.
java.lang.RuntimeException: Error occurs while consuming data.
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.consumeData(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:128)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.load(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:147)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.initialize(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:98)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.create(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:81)
at org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrow.avroToArrowIterator(AvroToArrow.java:65)
at [ My Project calling AvroToArrow.avroToArrowIterator() ]
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:56)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:108)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:58)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecutor.execute(JUnitTestClassExecutor.java:40)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(AbstractJUnitTestClassProcessor.java:60)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:52)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:36)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:33)
at org.gradle.internal.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:94)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy5.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker$2.run(TestWorker.java:176)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.executeAndMaintainThreadName(TestWorker.java:129)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:100)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.execute(TestWorker.java:60)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.ActionExecutionWorker.execute(ActionExecutionWorker.java:56)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:113)
at org.gradle.process.internal.worker.child.SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.call(SystemApplicationClassLoaderWorker.java:65)
at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.run(GradleWorkerMain.java:69)
at worker.org.gradle.process.internal.worker.GradleWorkerMain.main(GradleWorkerMain.java:74)
Caused by: org.apache.arrow.memory.OutOfMemoryException: Failure allocating buffer.
at app//io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL.allocate(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:67)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.NettyAllocationManager.(NettyAllocationManager.java:77)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.NettyAllocationManager.(NettyAllocationManager.java:84)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.NettyAllocationManager$1.create(NettyAllocationManager.java:34)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.newAllocationManager(BaseAllocator.java:355)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.newAllocationManager(BaseAllocator.java:350)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.bufferWithoutReservation(BaseAllocator.java:338)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.buffer(BaseAllocator.java:316)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.RootAllocator.buffer(RootAllocator.java:29)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.BaseAllocator.buffer(BaseAllocator.java:280)
at app//org.apache.arrow.memory.RootAllocator.buffer(RootAllocator.java:29)
at app//org.apache.arrow.vector.BaseValueVector.allocFixedDataAndValidityBufs(BaseValueVector.java:224)
at app//org.apache.arrow.vector.BaseFixedWidthVector.reAlloc(BaseFixedWidthVector.java:442)
at app//org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.AbstractStructVector.reAlloc(AbstractStructVector.java:144)
at app//org.apache.arrow.vector.complex.StructVector.reAlloc(StructVector.java:459)
at app//org.apache.arrow.consumers.AvroArraysConsumer.ensureInnerVectorCapacity(AvroArraysConsumer.java:71)
at app//org.apache.arrow.consumers.AvroArraysConsumer.consume(AvroArraysConsumer.java:48)
at app//org.apache.arrow.consumers.AvroStructConsumer.consume(AvroStructConsumer.java:48)
at app//org.apache.arrow.consumers.CompositeAvroConsumer.consume(CompositeAvroConsumer.java:48)
at app//org.apache.arrow.AvroToArrowVectorIterator.consumeData(AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java:105)
... 48 more
Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Direct buffer memory
at java.base/java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:175)
at java.base/java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.(DirectByteBuffer.java:118)
at java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:317)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledDirectByteBuf.allocateDirect(UnpooledDirectByteBuf.java:104)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator$InstrumentedUnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.allocateDirect(UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java:215)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledDirectByteBuf.(UnpooledDirectByteBuf.java:64)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.(UnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.java:41)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator$InstrumentedUnpooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf.(UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java:210)
at io.netty.buffer.UnpooledByteBufAllocator.newDirectBuffer(UnpooledByteBufAllocator.java:91)
at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBufAllocator.directBuffer(AbstractByteBufAllocator.java:188)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL$InnerAllocator.newDirectBufferL(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:171)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL$InnerAllocator.directBuffer(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:214)
at io.netty.buffer.PooledByteBufAllocatorL.allocate(PooledByteBufAllocatorL.java:58)
... 67 more
```

### Component(s)

Java

Start with AvroToArrow.java and AvroToArrowVectorIterator.java, then trace the nested-array handling in AvroArraysConsumer.java. Reproduce the failure with NestedRecordExample.avsc, nested_record_example.avro, and the documented iterator example. Done means nested Avro records and arrays convert successfully without the reported allocation failure.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.