[Java] Avro to arrow conversion fails for nested unions

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Hello arrow team,

I believe the Avro adapter fails on avro union types nested in records and arrays. The allocator tries to allocate increasingly more memory until it reaches the configured max (ie you can use `-Darrow.vector.max_allocation_bytes=8589934592` to tell the allocator to use 1GB and it will try to allocate all of it for an empty array field with a nested union type field).

`Memory required for vector capacity 508400 is (2097152), which is more than max allowed (1048576)`

I believe this is because the while loop [here](https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/java/adapter/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/adapter/avro/consumers/AvroStructConsumer.java#L69-L75) never terminates as `UnionVector::getValueCapacity` always returns 0 when the union is nested in either a record or an array.

I have a branch [here](https://github.com/darcysaum-toast/arrow/tree/avro-nested-union) with a [failing test](https://github.com/darcysaum-toast/arrow/blob/avro-nested-union/java/adapter/avro/src/test/java/org/apache/arrow/adapter/avro/AvroToArrowIteratorTest.java#L171).
```
@Test
public void testNestedUnion() throws Exception {
Schema schema = getSchema("test_nested_union.avsc");
Schema topChildSchema = schema
.getField("f0")
.schema();
GenericRecord parent = new GenericData.Record(schema);
GenericRecord topChild = new GenericData.Record(topChildSchema);

topChild.put("fNestedUnion", 1);
parent.put("f0", topChild);

List roots = new ArrayList<>();
try (AvroToArrowVectorIterator iterator = convert(schema, singletonList(parent))) {
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
roots.add(iterator.next());
System.out.println(roots.get(roots.size() - 1).contentToTSVString());
}
}
}
```

The [schema](https://github.com/darcysaum-toast/arrow/blob/avro-nested-union/java/adapter/avro/src/test/resources/schema/test_nested_union.avsc) is as follows:
```
{
"namespace": "org.apache.arrow.avro",
"type": "record",
"name": "testArrayOfRecords",
"fields": [
{
"name": "f0",
"type": {
"type": "record",
"name": "NestedRecord",
"fields": [
{
"name": "fNestedUnion",
"type": ["null", "int"],
"default": null
}
]
}
}
]
```

Changing type of field `fNestedUnion` from `["null", "int"]` to `"int"` will make the test pass (and the iterator correctly prints out the arrow data).

### Component(s)

Java

Comece por java/adapter/avro/src/main/java/org/apache/arrow/adapter/avro/consumers/AvroStructConsumer.java, no loop de alocação por volta das linhas 69-75, e depois execute o teste que está falhando em AvroToArrowIteratorTest.java usando schema/test_nested_union.avsc. Está concluído quando a conversão da união aninhada termina sem esgotar o alocador e o iterador produz os dados Arrow esperados.

Escrita pelo modelo de indexação a partir do texto da issue.