feat(theming): Add a typesafe like API to get theming tokens CSS var names

### Feature Description

Currently there are Sass mixings that allow to, in a typesafe safe way, override theming tokens:

```
mat.snack-bar-overrides(....)
```

When saying typesafe, I mean that if a token is renamed or removed, the compiler will trigger an error. There are no equivalent to generating the CSS custom properties associated with these tokens.

### Use Case

Why this could help?

I have a component to show temporary messages, much like an snack-bar, but it isn't a snack bar, but it uses the same snack bar theming, same colors, for example. So this uses currently `--mat-snack-bar-` prefixed CSS variables. The problem is that migrating from version 19 up to 21, many of these variables names were renamed from `--mdc`- to `--mat`- prefixes thankfully automatically but it missed that for snack bars, the prefixes changed from snackbar to snack-bar.

If instead of using the var named directly we had some kind of:

```
mat.token-var(snack-bar, container-color, white)
```

to generate `var(--mat-snack-bar-container-color, white)` in a typesafe way, triggering an error if a bad component or token name is used, this could have avoided the missed rename.

Aucun fichier ni point d’entrée de test n’est nommé. Commencez par examiner les mixins d’override Sass existants, notamment mat.snack-bar-overrides, ainsi que le nommage des CSS custom properties de la snack-bar décrit ici. Le travail serait considéré comme terminé lorsqu’une API typesafe convenue pour générer les noms de variables de tokens et une couverture des noms de composants ou de tokens non valides seraient disponibles.

Rédigé par le modèle d'indexation à partir du texte de l'issue.