feat(Menu): Option to have it the same width as the trigger

### Feature Description

A possibility to have the https://material.angular.io/cdk/menu/overview take over the width of the container that triggers it.
As an example the grey area should span the full width of the red in the following example:

Currently it seems that you have to provide a fixed width in px. Otherwise it does not work. But you don't always know the exact with of the 'trigger'.

There's an example here: https://vbqdncww.stackblitz.io

In [issue 26336](https://github.com/angular/components/issues/26336) it seems that they are overriding MAT_SELECT_CONFIG to set a `min-width: min-content;`, but have not gotten that to work yet.

### Use Case

It would enable a more consistent styling.

从 Angular CDK 菜单概览和 StackBlitz 示例开始，以复现当前的尺寸行为；issue 26336 提供了有关菜单宽度配置的相关背景。完成的标准是菜单可以采用触发器容器的宽度，而不要求固定的像素宽度，并且在适当的示例或测试中演示该行为。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。