feat(Menu): Option to have it the same width as the trigger

### Feature Description

A possibility to have the https://material.angular.io/cdk/menu/overview take over the width of the container that triggers it.
As an example the grey area should span the full width of the red in the following example:

Currently it seems that you have to provide a fixed width in px. Otherwise it does not work. But you don't always know the exact with of the 'trigger'.

There's an example here: https://vbqdncww.stackblitz.io

In [issue 26336](https://github.com/angular/components/issues/26336) it seems that they are overriding MAT_SELECT_CONFIG to set a `min-width: min-content;`, but have not gotten that to work yet.

### Use Case

It would enable a more consistent styling.

Start with the Angular CDK menu overview and the StackBlitz example to reproduce the current sizing behavior; issue 26336 provides related context about menu width configuration. Done means the menu can take the trigger container's width without requiring a fixed pixel width, with the behavior demonstrated in an appropriate example or test.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.