bug(Chip - chip-grid): Error not announced in screen readers on blur

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

Due to timeout on `_blur()` function in `chip-grid.ts` the errors that are shown are not announced.
https://github.com/angular/components/blob/main/src/material/chips/chip-grid.ts#L407


### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/qmuavp-wu5wvf?file=src%2Fexample%2Fchips-form-control-example.html
Steps to reproduce:
1. Add required form control
2. Blur from the input

### Expected Behavior

Screen reader should read the error shown on blur.

### Actual Behavior

Screen reader isn't reading the error shown on blur.

### Environment

- Angular: "^17.3.0"
- CDK/Material: "17.3.1"
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows

从 src/material/chips/chip-grid.ts 大约第 407 行开始，使用必填表单控件通过链接的 StackBlitz 示例重现该问题。跟踪 _blur() 的超时，并验证失去焦点后显示的错误是否会由屏幕阅读器播报。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。