bug(COMPONENT): MAT-ICON exhibits different behaviors when the fontSet is

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

With the default icon fontSet I can use
``

but if I change all the icons to outlined using
`iconRegistry.setDefaultFontSetClass('material-icons-outlined');`
or if I use it on a specific Icon
`fontSet="material-icons-outlined"`

`` DOESN'T WORK

I HAVE TO USE `icon_name` TO LET IT WORK NOW

(so the problem is to change all the icons when the app is already done)

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link:
Steps to reproduce:
1.
2.

### Expected Behavior

HAS TO WORK

### Actual Behavior

DOESN'T WORK

### Environment

- Angular: 17.1
- CDK/Material: 17.1
- Browser(s): arc
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): mac