bug(mat-form-field): when using appearance="outline", input fields increases in height.

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When using mat-form-field with appearance="outline", text input field increases in height after entering a text
Reproduces on mobile devices with iOS 17+

### Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:

1. Open Safari 17 on a mobile device (it is the default browser for iOS 17)
2. Open Angular Material Page at https://material.angular.io/components/form-field/overview
3. Find Outline form field
4. Enter any text. Probably need to clear the field and enter the text again.

### Expected Behavior

The height of the field should be the same as the field without text

### Actual Behavior

The field height is different compared to the field without text

### Environment

- Angular: 15-17
- CDK/Material: 15-17
- Browser(s): mobile Safari 17
- Operating System iOS 17.1.2

首先，在 mobile Safari 17 中从 Angular Material form-field overview page 复现该问题，使用 outline form field，并比较输入文本前后的高度。当 outlined input 在 iOS 17+ 上无论是否有文本都保持相同高度，且该回归由适当的项目测试覆盖时，即表示完成。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。