bug(mat-form-field): when using appearance="outline", input fields increases in height.

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When using mat-form-field with appearance="outline", text input field increases in height after entering a text
Reproduces on mobile devices with iOS 17+

### Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:

1. Open Safari 17 on a mobile device (it is the default browser for iOS 17)
2. Open Angular Material Page at https://material.angular.io/components/form-field/overview
3. Find Outline form field
4. Enter any text. Probably need to clear the field and enter the text again.

### Expected Behavior

The height of the field should be the same as the field without text

### Actual Behavior

The field height is different compared to the field without text

### Environment

- Angular: 15-17
- CDK/Material: 15-17
- Browser(s): mobile Safari 17
- Operating System iOS 17.1.2

Start by reproducing the issue from the Angular Material form-field overview page in mobile Safari 17, using an outline form field and comparing its height before and after entering text. Done means the outlined input keeps the same height with and without text on iOS 17+, with the regression covered by an appropriate project test.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.