bug(mat-label): trailing white-space between text and asterisk

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

14

### Description

It's all in the title.

Might be related to https://github.com/angular/components/issues/27722.

### Reproduction

https://stackblitz.com/edit/vcau9e

### Expected Behavior

White-space should be trimmed (e. g. by making mat-label `display: inline-block`).

### Actual Behavior

I see UI being dependent on html formatting.

### Environment

```
Angular CLI: 16.2.9
Node: 18.12.0
Package Manager: yarn 1.22.19
OS: win32 x64

Angular: 16.2.12
... animations, common, compiler, compiler-cli, core, forms
... language-service, platform-browser, platform-browser-dynamic
... platform-server, router, service-worker

Package Version
------------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1602.9
@angular-devkit/build-angular 16.2.9
@angular-devkit/core 16.2.9
@angular-devkit/schematics 16.2.9
@angular/cdk 16.2.11
@angular/cli 16.2.9
@angular/fire 7.6.1
@angular/material 16.2.11
@angular/material-moment-adapter 16.2.11
@schematics/angular 16.2.9
rxjs 7.8.1
typescript 5.1.6
webpack 5.89.0
zone.js 0.13.3
```

Also reproducible in version 15.

Comienza con la reproducción vinculada de StackBlitz y compara el renderizado informado de mat-label en las versiones 14–16 de Angular Material. Rastrea el componente mat-label y sus estilos para determinar por qué el formato HTML afecta al espacio antes del asterisco. Se considera terminado cuando un marcado de etiqueta equivalente se renderiza sin espacios en blanco finales y una prueba de regresión cubre este comportamiento.

Escrito por el modelo de indexación a partir del texto del issue.