bug(MatFormField): layout glitch on long mat-error text

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

14

### Description

When having a long error text on a mat-form-field the text overlaps with any thing under the field.


NOTE: This happens on outlined mat-form-field. For filled mat-form-field the text is cut and not fully shown. As picture below :


### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: [https://stackblitz.com/run?file=src%2Fapp%2Fform-field-error-example.ts](https://stackblitz.com/run?file=src%2Fapp%2Fform-field-error-example.ts)
Steps to reproduce:
1. Put a long error text.
2. Put another input field under

### Expected Behavior

the error should be shown properly and not overlaps with the element on the bottom.

### Actual Behavior

The error text is is being hidden by text under the mat-form-field.

### Environment

- Angular: 16.2.10
- CDK/Material: 16.2.9
- Browser(s): Chrome Version 118.0.5993.88
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows 10

Start with the linked StackBlitz reproduction in src/app/form-field-error-example.ts and verify the behavior with a long mat-error followed by another input. Compare outlined and filled mat-form-field layouts, then confirm that the full error remains visible without overlapping or being cut off.

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。