feat(inputs): Add `[readonly]` property to input components

### Feature Description

Right now input components (checkbox, chips, datepicker, form field, radio button, select, slider) have `[disabled]` property. Only `matInput` directive has `[readonly]`.

`[disabled]` property conflicts with the `[formControl]` directive, which has a [property with the same name](https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/main/packages/forms/src/directives/reactive_directives/form_control_directive.ts#L72).

So if you use `[formControl]` with the components listed above, it is not possible to use their `[disabled]` property.

### Use Case

`[disabled]` controls [will not be included](https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/main/packages/forms/src/model/abstract_model.ts#L409) in `form.value` - sometimes you need to render an input element as read-only but still send its value to the server.

首先，将 matInput 指令上现有的 [readonly] 行为与 checkbox、chips、datepicker、form field、radio button、select 和 slider 组件进行比较。阅读链接的 FormControlDirective 属性和 AbstractControl 文档，以了解 disabled/value 的交互。完成的标准是每个列出的组件都支持 [readonly]，且不会将其值从 form.value 中排除。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。