bug(MatDatePicker): Datepicker label overflows over Icon

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### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

14.2.7

### Description

Currently updating from v. 14.2.7 to 16.2.7 (16.2.8 on stackblitz), and I noticed that the date picker isn't handling long labels correctly. Instead of showing an ellipsis, it's overflowing to behind the calendar icon. See examples below:

**Version 16.2.8 (bad):** https://stackblitz.com/edit/8enoqa?file=src%2Fexample%2Fdatepicker-overview-example.html

**Version 14.2.7 (good):** https://stackblitz.com/edit/c2yh3u?file=src%2Fapp%2Fdatepicker-overview-example.html

**Note:** Version 15.2.9 is also showing an incorrect label.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/8enoqa?file=src%2Fexample%2Fdatepicker-overview-example.html
Steps to reproduce:
1. Wrap a datepicker in a div with a set width.
2. Set mat-form-field width to 100% of the parent width.
3. Set label to be longer than available space.
4. Observe label filling entire input, including icon space, instead of overflowing with ellipsis

### Expected Behavior

The label should fit in the allotted space and not show behind the calendar icon.


### Actual Behavior

The datepicker label is filling the entire input, behind the calendar icon.


### Environment

- Angular: 16.2.7 / 16.2.8 (stackblitz)
- CDK/Material: 16.2.7
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows

从链接的 StackBlitz 复现开始，比较 14.2.7 和 16.2.8 版本的 datepicker 示例，然后追踪 datepicker 表单字段标签和日历图标的样式。完成的标准是：长标签保持在可用空间内，并显示省略号，且不会出现在图标后面。

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