bug(cdkDrag): Can't reorder edge items with different size and boundary

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

I'm implementing draggable horizontal list, each item may has different width (depending on content). In case if first item is shorter than second and I want swop them and I capture second item closer to right edge it's impossible to set second item as first.
Note: cdkDrag constrained by X axis and has boundary
`cdkDragLockAxis="x" [cdkDragBoundary]="dropContainer"`

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/roitsa?file=src%2Fexample%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.ts
Steps to reproduce:
1. Capture "Bronze age" closer to right side (red area in the example)
2. Try to make it first in the list (swop with "Iron")

I was trying to make workaround with `cdkDragConstrainPosition` but without success as with this function behaviour changes, item reorders immediately if I drag left. Seems weird or I do something wrong
Example with `cdkDragConstrainPosition` : https://stackblitz.com/edit/roitsa-6kbo4x?file=src%2Fexample%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.html

### Expected Behavior

Ability to reorder edge items constrained by cdkDragBoundary

### Actual Behavior

Can't reorder edge items

### Environment

- Angular: v16
- CDK/Material:
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): macOS

Beginne mit den verknüpften StackBlitz-Reproduktionen, insbesondere cdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.ts und seinem HTML, und reproduziere den Fall einer horizontalen Liste mit cdkDragLockAxis="x" und cdkDragBoundary. Verfolge, wie sich das durch die Begrenzung eingeschränkte Ziehen auf die Sortierung auswirkt, wenn die Elemente an den Rändern unterschiedliche Breiten haben; fertig ist die Aufgabe, wenn das Bronze age-Element aus beiden Ausgangspositionen vor Iron neu angeordnet werden kann.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.