feat(material/slider): allow slider thumbs to have independent min & max values

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

I would like to set a max possible value per thumb of the mat range slider

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/a7wg4u?file=src%2Fexample%2Fslider-range-example.html
Steps to reproduce:
1. Set max and min for matSliderThumbs
2. See that the individual maxs and mins do not apply

### Expected Behavior

max and min on each input would be applied.

### Actual Behavior

max and min on the input elements is not applied

### Environment

- Angular:
- CDK/Material:
- Browser(s):
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu):

从 StackBlitz 复现和其中的 src/example/slider-range-example.html 文件开始，然后检查 matSliderThumbs 如何处理每个 thumb 的 min 和 max 输入。当各自的 min 和 max 值能够独立应用，并且复现不再显示它们被忽略时，即表示完成。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。