feat(material/slider): allow slider thumbs to have independent min & max values

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

I would like to set a max possible value per thumb of the mat range slider

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/a7wg4u?file=src%2Fexample%2Fslider-range-example.html
Steps to reproduce:
1. Set max and min for matSliderThumbs
2. See that the individual maxs and mins do not apply

### Expected Behavior

max and min on each input would be applied.

### Actual Behavior

max and min on the input elements is not applied

### Environment

- Angular:
- CDK/Material:
- Browser(s):
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu):

Start with the StackBlitz reproduction and its src/example/slider-range-example.html file, then inspect how matSliderThumbs handles each thumb's min and max inputs. Done means the individual min and max values are applied independently and the reproduction no longer shows them being ignored.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.