Material Tabs + No Template Caching => Broken Virtual Scroll

### Description

If you attempt a ***cdkVirtualFor** with a **templateCacheSize: 0**, the Virtual Scroll will break when you include a **Material Tab** in the repeated element.

### Reproduction

[StackBlitz ](https://stackblitz.com/edit/el4pji?file=src%2Fexample%2Fcdk-virtual-scroll-template-cache-example.ts,src%2Fexample%2Fcdk-virtual-scroll-template-cache-example.html,src%2Fexample%2Fcdk-virtual-scroll-template-cache-example.css)

Steps to reproduce:
1. Try scrolling.

### Expected Behavior

No broke.

### Actual Behavior

Broke.

### Workaround
Disable **Material Tab** pagination as so:

### Environment

Angular CLI: 16.0.0
Node: 18.15.0
Package Manager: npm 9.5.0
OS: win32 x64

Angular: 16.0.0
... animations, cdk, cdk-experimental, cli, common, compiler
... compiler-cli, core, forms, material, platform-browser
... platform-browser-dynamic, router

Package Version
---------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1600.0
@angular-devkit/build-angular 16.0.0
@angular-devkit/core 16.0.0
@angular-devkit/schematics 16.0.0
@angular/fire 7.6.1
@schematics/angular 16.0.0
rxjs 7.8.1
typescript 4.9.5

Start with the linked StackBlitz reproduction, especially src/example/cdk-virtual-scroll-template-cache-example.ts and its HTML and CSS files, and reproduce scrolling with templateCacheSize set to 0. Compare the behavior with Material Tab pagination disabled. Done means the virtual scroll remains functional with Material Tabs and no template caching, without relying on the workaround.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.