feat(tooltip): add support for rich tooltips

#### Bug, feature request, or proposal:
Feature request

#### What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?
Popovers are not part of the current material design spec, however they are a common component in desktop applications.
It got some traction last year within the [angular/material](https://github.com/angular/material) repository [here](https://github.com/angular/material/issues/1120) and [here](https://github.com/angular/material/pull/1132).

If this is still not acceptable, what are the alternatives?
I started to hack a bit on the `mdDialog`, using a custom positioning strategy and custom css for the directional arrow but I'm not sure this is the way-to-go.

Thank you in advance!

Start by reviewing the requested rich tooltip/popover behavior and the referenced angular/material issues. The body mentions experimenting with mdDialog, custom positioning, and CSS for a directional arrow, but names no files, tests, or acceptance criteria. Done requires an agreed component scope and implementation direction before coding can begin.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.