bug(tabs / mat-tab-group): Open dialog with component mat-tab-group and fast change mat-tab (click another mat-tab) and empty content

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

If I open a dialog in which I have a mat-tab-group component and quickly click on another tab (another mat-tab), the content of the newly opened tab is not rendered - it remains empty. It looks right in DOM.

There are several ways to quickly change a tab:
1. By touch
2. Click the mouse
3. By entering the click command in the console: document.evaluate('//html[1]/body[1]/div[1]/div[2]/div[1]/mat-dialog-container[1]/dialog-data-example-dialog[1]/div[1]/mat-tab-group[1]/mat-tab-header[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]', document, null, XPathResult.FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE, null).singleNodeValue.click()

Fast click on tab after dialog open - bug

Slow click on tab after dialog open - correct

### Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:
1. https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-k1g4u3-pmsayf

### Expected Behavior

Correctly loaded content of the newly selected tab

### Actual Behavior

The empty content of the newly selected tab

### Environment

- Angular: 14.0.0
- CDK/Material: 14.0.4
- Browser(s): Google Chrome 103.0.5060.66
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows

从链接的 StackBlitz 复现开始，测试包含 mat-tab-group 的 mat-dialog-container，包括快速切换到另一个 mat-tab。在对话框打开期间跟踪选项卡的渲染行为；完成标准是，新选中的选项卡在触摸、鼠标和脚本点击下都能稳定显示其内容。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。