bug(VirtualScroll): Horizontal scrolling inside cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

Content inside the cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport does use more than 100% width and does not break anymore and instead adds horizontal scrolling.

This is especially a problem when using following css rules:

```
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
```

The problem is the created wrapper container with the `cdk-virtual-scroll-content-wrapper` class that has a `min-width: 100%` set but no `max-width` and can not be changed because of the view encapsulation.

### Reproduction

https://github.com/DaniLopes2003/VirtualScroll-DemoApp

### Expected Behavior

No horizontal scroll bar added or width, max-width and min-width customizable with css variables?

### Actual Behavior

Horizontal bar added because no min-width is set

### Environment

- Angular: 13.0.3
- CDK/Material: 13.1.3
- Browser(s): Chrome, Safari
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): macOS

Start with the cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport and its cdk-virtual-scroll-content-wrapper element, then reproduce the behavior using the linked VirtualScroll-DemoApp and the reported white-space and overflow styles. The work is done when the viewport no longer adds unwanted horizontal scrolling and the intended width constraints remain usable; add or update coverage if the relevant test location is found.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.