feat(MatDatePicker): DateRange should implement min/max duration

#### Feature Description

I would like to use date picker to allow a user to pick any number of days from 1-7, but no more than 7.

This could be implemented by adding a minimum (default: 1) and maximum (default: unlimited) duration values to the DateRange type.

If the minimum duration is not default:
- create greyed-out preview overlay of end values less than the minimum duration but not before the start value. Selecting a value within the minimum duration or before the start date should reset the start date to new date.

If the maximum duration is not default:
- create a preview up to the maximum duration. Selecting value beyond the maximum duration becomes new start date.

Example with (min 3 days, max 7 days) might look like something this:

(this is only to illustrate, I'm not a UI designer or anything)

#### Use Case

Currently, I must have the user use a dropdown to pick their duration first (which informs a MatDateRangeSelectionStrategy), and then use the date picker to select a start date.

Would very much like to get rid of the dropdown.

Beginnen Sie damit, das im Issue beschriebene Datumsbereichsverhalten von MatDatePicker und MatDateRangeSelectionStrategy zu lesen. Definieren und überprüfen Sie das Verhalten für minimale und maximale Dauer, einschließlich der Vorschau-Overlays und des Zurücksetzens des Startdatums, wenn eine Auswahl außerhalb des zulässigen Bereichs liegt.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.