bug(Mat-Tabs): Mat-tabs on mat-dialog not working when selectedIndex change asynchronously

#### Reproduction
https://stackblitz.com/edit/mat-tabs-on-mat-dialog-problem

Steps to reproduce:
1. Use mat-dialog for dialog
2. Use mat-tabs for multiple tabs
3. Use selectedIndex to select tabs dynamically
4. Initialize selectedIndex value
4. Change selectedIndex asynchronously


#### Expected Behavior

I will initially see the tab of the index that I initialize first. But when I change the selectedIndex, it will switch to the new tab of that index.

#### Actual Behavior

Asynchronously changed tabs contents will go blank. The tab contains blank content. But if I add 500ms with setTimeout it works. But without this setTimeout, it dosn't work

#### Environment

- Angular: 8 or 9
- CDK/Material: 8, 10
- Chrome, Firefox
- Ubuntu, Windows

Start with the linked StackBlitz reproduction and inspect the interaction between MatTabs and MatDialog when selectedIndex changes asynchronously. Reproduce the blank tab contents without the 500ms delay, then verify that the initially selected tab and the asynchronously selected tab both render correctly.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.