bug(MatMenu): dropdown with menu items pops over menu trigger when there's a scroll bar in the dropdown

#### Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:
1. Go to the following StackBlitz URL https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-xcgrfw
2. Click on the "Menu" button
3. Notice how menu items pop over the "Menu" button



#### Expected Behavior

The expected behaviour is for the menu dropdown to be positioned below the "Menu" button regardless of the number of menu items as in the following example https://stackblitz.com/angular/mnygrqvpejk?file=src%2Fapp%2Fmenu-overview-example.ts

#### Actual Behavior

The dropdown with menu items pops over the "Menu" button when there's so many menu items that the menu becomes scrollable

#### Environment

- Angular: 9.1.11
- CDK/Material: 9.2.4
- Browser(s): Google Chrome 83.0.4103.97
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows 10

Start by reproducing the issue with the linked StackBlitz example, then compare its MatMenu behavior with the linked Angular menu example. Trace the menu positioning entry point responsible for scrollable dropdowns and verify that the dropdown remains below the trigger when it contains enough items to scroll.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.