Dynamic viewport height

#### Bug, feature request, or proposal:
Dynamically adjust the size of the table according to its content

#### What is the expected behavior?
It would be interesting to be able to define only the maxheight of the table and to adjust it dynamically according to the amount of data it contains until it reaches the maxheight. When the size is max height the virtualscrolling is available.

#### What is the current behavior?
When the cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport has no defined height it does not display all available values. If the height is defined the viewport displays all lines but when it is undefined just a few lines are displayed.

#### What are the steps to reproduce?
[Stackblitz](https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-cdk-demo-virtual-scroll-jqpazr?embed=1&file=app/app.component.ts)

#### What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?

#### Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, TypeScript, browsers are affected?
latest cdk-experimental

#### Is there anything else we should know?

Beginne damit, die verknüpfte StackBlitz-Reproduktion auszuführen und das Verhalten von cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport zu untersuchen, wenn seine Höhe nicht definiert ist. Die Arbeit ist abgeschlossen, wenn die Tabelle mit ihrem Inhalt bis zu einer konfigurierten maximalen Höhe wächst, während bei diesem Limit virtuelles Scrollen verfügbar bleibt.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.