Expose stable machine-readable Angular build diagnostics

### Which @angular/* package(s) are relevant/related to the feature request?

compiler-cli

### Description

Large Angular codebases often want to enable stricter compiler checks, especially `strictTemplates` and extended diagnostics, but cannot fix all existing diagnostics in one migration.

Angular already supports category-based strictness ratcheting through template type-checking flags. That helps when a whole category of checks is too noisy.

It does not solve the case where a team wants a check enabled, but wants to treat existing diagnostics as migration debt while preventing new diagnostics from being introduced.

Teams can build this externally by parsing `ng build` output, but text output is not a stable API. Angular diagnostics can include template source spans and compiler-specific formatting, which makes external parsing fragile.

This is not a request for `strictTemplates` warning mode. A previous discussion in [https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/55868](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/55868) explained why warning mode is not a good fit for `strictTemplates`, especially because template type-checking often produces TypeScript diagnostics from generated template-checking code.

This request is only about exposing stable diagnostic output so external tooling can implement baseline/ratchet workflows reliably.

### Proposed solution

Expose stable machine-readable diagnostics from Angular CLI builds.

For example:

```bash
ng build my-app --configuration strict-check --diagnostics-format json
```

or:

```bash
ng build my-app --configuration strict-check --diagnostics-output angular-diagnostics.json
```

The exact CLI/API shape is not important. The important part is that `ng build` can emit stable, machine-readable diagnostics.

Example shape:

```jsonc
{
"diagnostics": [
{
"code": "NG8002",
"category": "error",
"source": "angular-template",
"message": "Can't bind to ...",
"file": "libs/example/src/example.component.html",
"startLine": 12,
"startColumn": 7,
"endLine": 12,
"endColumn": 28,
"relatedInformation": []
}
]
}
```

The schema should include enough stable information for tools to compare diagnostics across runs, such as diagnostic code, category/severity, source, file, source span, message, and related information when available.

This would enable external workflows like:

```bash
ng build my-app --configuration strict-check --diagnostics-output angular-diagnostics.json
angular-baseline check angular-diagnostics.json
```

That allows teams to create a migration ratchet:

* Existing diagnostics are treated as migration debt.
* New diagnostics fail CI.
* Fixed diagnostics can be removed from the baseline.
* The codebase becomes stricter over time.

This is similar in spirit to `tsc-baseline` or ESLint bulk suppressions, but for Angular compiler and template diagnostics.

### Alternatives considered

## Use existing template strictness flags

Angular's existing strictness flags are useful for category-based rollout.

However, disabling a category allows both existing and new violations in that category.

A diagnostic baseline lets a team keep the check enabled while allowing only known existing diagnostics.

## Parse `ng build` text output

Teams can parse `ng build` output today, but this is fragile because CLI text output is optimized for humans, not long-term machine consumption.

## Add first-class Angular diagnostic baselines

Angular could provide a full diagnostic baseline feature directly, for example:

```bash
ng build my-app --configuration strict-check --update-diagnostic-baseline
ng build my-app --configuration strict-check --diagnostic-baseline angular-diagnostics.baseline.json
```

That would be useful, but stable machine-readable diagnostics would already allow the ecosystem to build this externally.

Comece pelo pacote compiler-cli e pelo ponto de entrada ng build e, em seguida, rastreie onde os diagnósticos do compilador Angular e dos templates são produzidos e formatados. Defina e documente uma saída estável e legível por máquina que contenha os campos de diagnóstico solicitados e verifique se um build strict-check pode emiti-la para ferramentas externas de baseline.

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