ng serve not working behind reverse proxy basehref/servepath

### Command

serve

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

before vite

### Description

I provide remote training for Angular using VSCode in the browser.
It is no longer possible to use the vscode port forwarding to access the ng dev server as basehref and servepath combinations to not yield the correct result when @angular node resources are to be loaded. It works for all other assets/files in the project.

### Minimal Reproduction

Use code-server oder vscode server access through web browser.

ng new
ng serve --host 0.0.0.0 --disable-host-check

Open the forwarded port, URL becomes f.e.
https://student01.remote-training.de/proxy/4200/

### Exception or Error

_No response_

### Your Environment

```text
Angular CLI: 17.3.6
Node: 20.12.2
Package Manager: npm 10.5.0
OS: linux x64

Angular: 17.3.7
... animations, common, compiler, compiler-cli, core, forms
... platform-browser, platform-browser-dynamic, router

Package Version
---------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1703.6
@angular-devkit/build-angular 17.3.6
@angular-devkit/core 17.3.6
@angular-devkit/schematics 17.3.6
@angular/cli 17.3.6
@schematics/angular 17.3.6
rxjs 7.8.1
typescript 5.4.5
zone.js 0.14.5
```

### Anything else relevant?

I tried various configuration combinations using prebundle, basehref and servepath only to experience worse problems like beeing redirected to https://student01.remote-training.de/proxy/4200/proxy/4200/

Beginne damit, das gemeldete Setup `ng serve --host 0.0.0.0 --disable-host-check` über die weitergeleitete URL `/proxy/4200/` nachzustellen. Untersuche, wie sich die Optionen `basehref` und `servepath` auf Angular node-resource URLs und Weiterleitungen auswirken, einschließlich des Falls mit dem doppelten `/proxy/4200/`. Erledigt ist die Aufgabe, wenn der weitergeleitete Dev-Server diese Ressourcen ohne einen falschen Pfad lädt.

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