[airbyte-db] Upgrade default Postgress version from 13.16

### Helm Chart Version

1.3.1

### What step the error happened?

None

### Relevant information

Current airbyte-db uses Postgres 13.16 from the latest available Postgres 17
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/release/

Logs from airbyte-server

### Relevant log output

```shell
WARN o.j.t.JooqLogger(lambda$warn$7):461 - Version mismatch : Database version is older than what dialect POSTGRES supports: 13.16. Consider https://www.jooq.org/download/support-matrix to see what jOOQ version and edition supports which RDBMS versions.
```