Dual-licenses identified as multi-licenses (>2); wrong recognition of copyright/holder

### Description

This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Mark Jason Dominus .

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

Terms of the Perl programming language system itself

a) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any
later version, or
b) the "Artistic License"

--- The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989 ---

This software is Copyright (c) 2013 by Mark Jason Dominus .

This is free software, licensed under:

The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 1, February 1989

<...>

That's all there is to it!

--- The Artistic License 1.0 ---

This software is Copyright (c) 2013 by Mark Jason Dominus .

<...>

The End

{
"path": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"type": "file",
"name": "LICENSE",
"base_name": "LICENSE",
"extension": "",
"size": 18412,
"date": "2023-09-19",
"sha1": "f12894289cb0f379f24b8d63e2e761dbcba1b216",
"md5": "97c2218f01bb60644ec141f8761067e5",
"sha256": "9837f05336ef3cbacb6a96e1672a0426d81ad01191f214b8d48e22ca62338181",
"mime_type": "text/plain",
"file_type": "ASCII text",
"programming_language": null,
"is_binary": false,
"is_text": true,
"is_archive": false,
"is_media": false,
"is_source": false,
"is_script": false,
"package_data": [],
"for_packages": [],
"detected_license_expression": "(gpl-1.0-plus OR artistic-1.0) AND gpl-1.0 AND artistic-1.0",
"detected_license_expression_spdx": "(GPL-1.0-or-later OR Artistic-1.0) AND GPL-1.0-only AND Artistic-1.0",
"license_detections": [
{
"license_expression": "(gpl-1.0-plus OR artistic-1.0) AND gpl-1.0 AND artistic-1.0",
"license_expression_spdx": "(GPL-1.0-or-later OR Artistic-1.0) AND GPL-1.0-only AND Artistic-1.0",
"matches": [
{
"license_expression": "gpl-1.0-plus OR artistic-1.0",
"spdx_license_expression": "GPL-1.0-or-later OR Artistic-1.0",
"from_file": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"start_line": 3,
"end_line": 11,
"matcher": "2-aho",
"score": 100.0,
"matched_length": 59,
"match_coverage": 100.0,
"rule_relevance": 100,
"rule_identifier": "gpl-1.0-plus_or_artistic-1.0_2.RULE",
"rule_url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode-toolkit/tree/develop/src/licensedcode/data/rules/gpl-1.0-plus_or_artistic-1.0_2.RULE",
"matched_text": "This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under\nthe same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.\n\nTerms of the Perl programming language system itself\n\na) the GNU General Public License as published by the Free\n Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any\n later version, or\nb) the \"Artistic License\""
},
{
"license_expression": "gpl-1.0",
"spdx_license_expression": "GPL-1.0-only",
"from_file": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"start_line": 13,
"end_line": 13,
"matcher": "2-aho",
"score": 100.0,
"matched_length": 9,
"match_coverage": 100.0,
"rule_relevance": 100,
"rule_identifier": "gpl-1.0_10.RULE",
"rule_url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode-toolkit/tree/develop/src/licensedcode/data/rules/gpl-1.0_10.RULE",
"matched_text": "--- The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989 ---"
},
{
"license_expression": "gpl-1.0",
"spdx_license_expression": "GPL-1.0-only",
"from_file": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"start_line": 17,
"end_line": 19,
"matcher": "2-aho",
"score": 100.0,
"matched_length": 15,
"match_coverage": 100.0,
"rule_relevance": 100,
"rule_identifier": "gpl-1.0_37.RULE",
"rule_url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode-toolkit/tree/develop/src/licensedcode/data/rules/gpl-1.0_37.RULE",
"matched_text": "This is free software, licensed under:\n\n The GNU General Public License, Version 1, February 1989"
},
{
"license_expression": "gpl-1.0",
"spdx_license_expression": "GPL-1.0-only",
"from_file": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"start_line": 21,
"end_line": 270,
"matcher": "2-aho",
"score": 100.0,
"matched_length": 2039,
"match_coverage": 100.0,
"rule_relevance": 100,
"rule_identifier": "gpl-1.0.LICENSE",
"rule_url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode-toolkit/tree/develop/src/licensedcode/data/licenses/gpl-1.0.LICENSE",
"matched_text": " <...>
},
{
"license_expression": "artistic-1.0",
"spdx_license_expression": "Artistic-1.0",
"from_file": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"start_line": 273,
"end_line": 273,
"matcher": "2-aho",
"score": 100.0,
"matched_length": 5,
"match_coverage": 100.0,
"rule_relevance": 100,
"rule_identifier": "artistic-1.0_9.RULE",
"rule_url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode-toolkit/tree/develop/src/licensedcode/data/rules/artistic-1.0_9.RULE",
"matched_text": "--- The Artistic License 1.0 ---"
},
{
"license_expression": "artistic-1.0",
"spdx_license_expression": "Artistic-1.0",
"from_file": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"start_line": 277,
"end_line": 279,
"matcher": "2-aho",
"score": 100.0,
"matched_length": 11,
"match_coverage": 100.0,
"rule_relevance": 100,
"rule_identifier": "artistic-1.0_7.RULE",
"rule_url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode-toolkit/tree/develop/src/licensedcode/data/rules/artistic-1.0_7.RULE",
"matched_text": "This is free software, licensed under:\n\n The Artistic License 1.0"
},
{
"license_expression": "artistic-1.0",
"spdx_license_expression": "Artistic-1.0",
"from_file": "openssl-3.0.11/external/perl/Text-Template-1.56/LICENSE",
"start_line": 281,
"end_line": 378,
"matcher": "2-aho",
"score": 100.0,
"matched_length": 761,
"match_coverage": 100.0,
"rule_relevance": 100,
"rule_identifier": "artistic-1.0.SPDX.RULE",
"rule_url": "https://github.com/nexB/scancode-toolkit/tree/develop/src/licensedcode/data/rules/artistic-1.0.SPDX.RULE",
"matched_text": " The Artistic License\n\nPreamble <...>"
}
],
"identifier": "gpl_1_0_plus_or_artistic_1_0__and_gpl_1_0_and_artistic_1_0-b6665ce0-ba7e-787b-cb67-a365d0fe95da"
}
],
"license_clues": [],
"percentage_of_license_text": 98.67,
"copyrights": [
{
"copyright": "copyright (c) 2013 by Mark Jason Dominus ",
"start_line": 1,
"end_line": 1
},
{
"copyright": "Copyright (c) 2013 by Mark Jason Dominus ",
"start_line": 15,
"end_line": 15
},
{
"copyright": "Copyright (c) 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.",
"start_line": 24,
"end_line": 24
},
{
"copyright": "copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation",
"start_line": 183,
"end_line": 184
},
{
"copyright": "Copyright (c) 2013 by Mark Jason Dominus ",
"start_line": 275,
"end_line": 275
}
],
"holders": [
{
"holder": "Mark Jason Dominus",
"start_line": 1,
"end_line": 1
},
{
"holder": "Mark Jason Dominus",
"start_line": 15,
"end_line": 15
},
{
"holder": "Free Software Foundation, Inc.",
"start_line": 24,
"end_line": 24
},
{
"holder": "the Free Software Foundation",
"start_line": 183,
"end_line": 184
},
{
"holder": "Mark Jason Dominus",
"start_line": 275,
"end_line": 275
}
],
"authors": [],
"emails": [
{
"email": "mjd@cpan.org",
"start_line": 1,
"end_line": 1
}
],
"urls": [
{
"url": "http://ftp.uu.net/",
"start_line": 326,
"end_line": 326
}
],
"files_count": 0,
"dirs_count": 0,
"size_count": 0,
"scan_errors": []
},

I started to use ScanCode to see where I have an alternative to identify Debian packages that are not machine-readable.

Here I see two issues.

First: A dual license coming with additional printed license text is not recognized in a single context.

Analysis result is:
"detected_license_expression": "(gpl-1.0-plus OR artistic-1.0) AND gpl-1.0 AND artistic-1.0",

ScanCode finds several license matches, but finally there should be just one match, the dual use of Artistic and GPL-1:

"detected_license_expression": "gpl-1.0-plus OR artistic-1.0",

It is not a multi-license!

This also happens when ScanCode analyses a machine-readable Debian copyright file (this file I handle differently without ScanCode).

Second:
There is a copyright notice for "Free Software Foundation". The text is misinterpreted, because here FSF refers to the license itself and not to the application.

### How To Reproduce

I scanned the source code of openssl-3.0.11 package.

subdir=openssl-3.0.11

docker run --rm -v ${PWD}/:/project scancode-toolkit -clipeu --license-text --verbose --json-pp /project/scancode-${subdir}.json /project/${subdir}

I'm sad, since this project looks very promising (like other nexB projects, thanks for them, Philippe and others!).
I need to create an SBOM and attribution report to satisfy legal requirements. Correctness is crucial in that scope,

### System configuration

* What OS are you running on? (Windows/MacOS/Linux)
Linux
*
* What version of scancode-toolkit was used to generate the scan file?
main branch (32.1.0)

* What installation method was used to install/run scancode? (pip/source download/other)
Docker build from source