setDT does not preserve column names of nested data.tables

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Assessment

Difficulty
3/5
Estimated time
1-2 days
Newbie friendliness
35/100
Issue type
Bug
Clarity
Mostly clear
Activity status
Stale
Tech stack
r
Domain
data

Research direction

Start with the setDT(DT) reproduction in this issue and inspect test 2074.07, along with the surrounding as.matrix.data.table behavior and PR #4144 context. Done means nested data.tables retain their column names after setDT, with a regression test covering the shown structure.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.

Description

non-atomic column

Obscure unintended behaviour of setDT that I picked up while debugging PR #4144 in relation to test 2074.07.

Given the erroneously constructed data.table in test 2074.07:

## as.matrix.data.table when a column has columns (only possible when constructed incorrectly)
DT = structure(list(a=1:5, d=data.table(b=6:10, c=11:15), m=matrix(16:25, ncol=2L)), class = c('data.table', 'data.frame'))

Running setDT(DT), e.g. to detect these erroneous wide columns, leads to a loss of the column names of the data.table stored in DT[,d]:

setDT(DT)
DT[,d]
#    <int> <int>
# 1:     6    11
# 2:     7    12
# 3:     8    13
# 4:     9    14
# 5:    10    15

The scenario in which you would run into this problem is extremely contrived, but since its likely unintended behaviour I'm making a note of it here for future reference.

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