PointCloudLibrary / PointCloudLibrary/pcl

incorrect concave hull for certain alpha but correct result for values > and < alpha

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Description

following the recommendation of Sergio Agostinho, I am filing an issue about this topic from the mailing list: http://www.pcl-users.org/incorrect-concave-hull-for-certain-alpha-but-correct-result-for-values-gt-and-lt-alpha-td4040281.html

On Ubuntu 14.04:

I want to use pcl::concaveHull to compute the outline of a pointcloud (in
2d). Attached are the point cloud (ceiling_1.pcd) and the example code I
prepared to reproduce the issue.

I know that concaveHull reconstruct returns a collection of hulls. In my
code, I split this collection into separate point clouds and visualize the
result.

Since I am looking for an outline, I am mainly interested in the outer most
polygon.
Regardless of the inner polygons, I expect one polygon enclosing the whole
point cloud.

My expectations are met for alpha = 0.19 and alpha = 0.21 (one big polygon outlines the whole
cloud). However for alpha = 0.20, i.e. a value BETWEEN two other working
values, the result is completely different from the two previous results:

There are 3 polygons along the outline of the point cloud and there remain
many points that are not included in any of the polygons.

To illustrate my issue, I brought 3 images, please consider only the RED
point cloud (the biggest one in the bottom):

  1. correct result with alpha = 0.19 (alpha_19.png)
    alpha_19
  2. wrong result with alpha = 0.20 (alpha_20.png)
    alpha_20
  3. correct result with alpha = 0.21 (alpha_21.png)
    alpha_21

additional files posted inline since github wouldn't allow me to upload them:

concave_hull_issue.cpp is a full code example with the essentials to reproduce the issue:

#include <iostream>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/point_cloud.h>
#include <pcl/surface/concave_hull.h>
#include <pcl/visualization/pcl_visualizer.h>

int
main (int argc, char** argv)
{
//  float alpha = 0.19;
//  float alpha = 0.20;
  float alpha = 0.21;

  // Load file
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr source_cloud (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> ());
  pcl::io::loadPCDFile ("ceiling_1.pcd", *source_cloud);

  // project to xy-plane
  for (int i = 0; i < source_cloud->size(); ++i)
  {
    source_cloud->points[i].z = 0.0;
  }

  // concave hull computation
  std::vector<pcl::Vertices> polygons;
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr hull_tmp (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> ());;
  pcl::ConcaveHull<pcl::PointXYZRGB> concave_hull;
  concave_hull.setInputCloud (source_cloud);
  concave_hull.setAlpha (alpha);
  concave_hull.setDimension(2);
  concave_hull.setKeepInformation(true);
  concave_hull.reconstruct (*hull_tmp, polygons);

  // get point clouds from indexes
  std::vector<pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr> concave_hull_collection;
  for (int j = 0; j < polygons.size(); ++j)
  {
    pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> tmp;
    for (int i = 0; i < polygons[j].vertices.size(); ++i)
    {
     tmp.points.push_back(hull_tmp->points[polygons[j].vertices[i]]);
    }
    tmp.is_dense=false;
    tmp.height=1;
    tmp.width=tmp.points.size();
    concave_hull_collection.push_back(pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>(tmp)));
  }



  // Visualization
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer viewer ("Illustration of concave hull");
  // Define R,G,B colors for the point cloud
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<pcl::PointXYZRGB> source_cloud_color_handler (source_cloud, 255, 255, 255);
  // We add the point cloud to the viewer and pass the color handler
  viewer.addPointCloud (source_cloud, source_cloud_color_handler, "original_cloud");

  viewer.addCoordinateSystem (1.0, "cloud", 0);
  viewer.setBackgroundColor(0.55, 0.55, 0.05, 0);
  viewer.setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 3, "original_cloud");

  // display results of concave cull as line polygons
  std::vector<float> color(3);
  for (int i = 0; i < concave_hull_collection.size(); ++i)
  {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << i;
    std::string id = ss.str();
    color[0] = i == 0 ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
    color[1] = i == 1 ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
    color[2] = i == 2 ? 1.0f : 0.0f;

    // Add polygon to the visualizer
    viewer.addPolygon<pcl::PointXYZRGB>(concave_hull_collection[i], id);
    viewer.setShapeRenderingProperties(pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_REPRESENTATION, pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_REPRESENTATION_WIREFRAME, id);
    viewer.setShapeRenderingProperties(pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_LINE_WIDTH, 3, id);
    viewer.setShapeRenderingProperties(pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_COLOR, color[0], color[1], color[2], id);
  }

  while (!viewer.wasStopped ()) { // Display the visualiser until 'q' key is pressed
    viewer.spinOnce ();
  }

  return 0;
}

ceiling_1.pcd is the point cloud I am referring to:

    # .PCD v0.7 - Point Cloud Data file format
    VERSION 0.7
    FIELDS x y z rgb normal_x normal_y normal_z curvature
    SIZE 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
    TYPE F F F F F F F F
    COUNT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
    WIDTH 2673
    HEIGHT 1
    VIEWPOINT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
    POINTS 2673
    DATA ascii
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    -5.2506237 -2.0739546 2.3759527 0 0.013680466 0.32834932 -0.94445729 0.024812916
    -5.2723808 -1.9705257 2.3738961 0 0.0031032457 -0.013392001 -0.99990553 0
    -5.3580832 -1.9560381 2.3740296 0 0.18022557 -0.059794586 -0.98180616 0.02659085
    -5.1508055 -2.0688162 2.376405 0 0.031427573 0.27862459 -0.95988578 0.024653716
    -5.2701206 -1.8844591 2.3732619 0 -0.00024217523 -0.019088931 -0.99981767 0.00059956376
    -5.1585264 -1.9506232 2.3744476 0 0.0017390797 -0.018766729 -0.99982238 0
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    -5.1996694 -1.81699 2.3711202 0 -0.0069905813 -0.01931865 -0.999789 0
    -5.4586244 -1.941028 2.3739059 0 0.26216605 0.045039367 -0.96397114 0.063076943
    -5.4649882 -1.8548362 2.3718297 0 0.48998117 -0.064398885 -0.86935109 0.093397632
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    -5.2509394 -1.7437115 2.3704069 0 -0.0079425443 -0.014208028 -0.99986756 1.4054133e-05
    -5.0361795 -1.9587456 2.3749361 0 0.0015377793 -0.029934324 -0.9995507 0.00036667433
    -5.0643201 -1.8707501 2.3715909 0 -0.0013684293 -0.025243424 -0.99968046 0
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    -4.6277804 1.27326 2.3722 0 0.0052501699 0.01588806 -0.99986005 0.00033151885
    -4.7009501 1.29366 2.3719201 0 -0.0037974669 0.019853892 -0.99979568 0.00087184075
    -4.5262518 1.3474936 2.3739228 0 0.0082482956 0.011439144 -0.99990058 0.00071493082
    -4.6310601 1.36316 2.3722799 0 0.00215212 0.021439785 -0.99976778 0
    -4.2324643 1.238575 2.3739452 0 -0.0011073062 0.013056955 -0.99991423 0.00060540735
    -4.3406048 1.3288299 2.37466 0 0.0020572289 0.015665758 -0.99987525 0
    -4.4316602 1.3805201 2.3748503 0 0.0043869331 0.020588847 -0.99977833 0.00073827279
    -4.2255702 1.34266 2.3749299 0 -0.0011074777 0.018059788 -0.99983627 0.00044712552
    -5.2421298 1.35638 2.3722699 0 -0.0017510155 0.016445693 -0.99986321 0
    -5.3381896 1.3589801 2.372752 0 -0.0047652717 0.016814217 -0.99984729 0.00045631768
    -5.1434898 1.3255601 2.37222 0 -0.00046880785 0.018670347 -0.9998256 0.0010806549
    -4.9729404 1.3836201 2.37291 0 0.0020497295 0.021991722 -0.99975604 0
    -5.0370007 1.4102401 2.3732901 0 0.0037134429 0.021551643 -0.99976087 0
    -5.1756506 1.4281155 2.3736126 0 0.0021880006 0.01971451 -0.99980325 0
    -4.8191152 1.3553581 2.3736107 0 -0.00064392545 0.022734515 -0.99974132 0.00095489871
    -4.7368503 1.3523501 2.3733399 0 -0.0028021291 0.019191314 -0.99981189 0
    -4.8303905 1.41679 2.3745401 0 0.0048480658 0.024115426 -0.99969745 0
    -5.5239201 1.3825101 2.3748 0 -0.0067006624 0.019517768 -0.99978703 0.00040107319
    -

Contributor guide

Open the contributing guide

First steps

  1. Read the whole issue, then the project's contributing guide.
  2. Comment on the issue to say you are picking it up — it saves two people doing the same work.
  3. Fork the repository and make your change on a branch.
  4. Open a pull request that references the issue number.

Research direction

Start with the supplied concave_hull_issue.cpp reproducer and ceiling_1.pcd, using pcl::ConcaveHull with dimension 2 and alpha values 0.19, 0.20, and 0.21. Trace the implementation behind pcl/surface/concave_hull.h and compare the returned polygons and omitted points. Done means the intermediate alpha produces the expected outer polygon consistently with the neighboring values.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.

Assessment

Tech stack
cpp
Domain
computer-vision
Issue type
Bug
Difficulty
4/5
Estimated time
3-5 days
Activity status
Stale
Clarity
Mostly clear
Newbie friendliness
28/100

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