Export fails when using provisioning in build.xconfig and XCode9.1

This is the same problem as #3046 but when using the build.xconfig file to supply provisioning instead of the CLI options. I'm using CLI 3.3 and have the following setup in the build.xconfig

DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = 8S2LJDD3SB;

CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = HM4CaregiverApp/Resources/app.entitlements;
CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY = iPhone Distribution;

PROVISIONING_PROFILE[config=Debug] = Caregiver App AdHoc;
PROVISIONING_PROFILE[config=Release] = Caregiver App Store;

ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_APPICON_NAME = AppIcon;
ASSETCATALOG_COMPILER_LAUNCHIMAGE_NAME = LaunchImage;

The received error is:

2017-11-16 12:01:50.567 xcodebuild[6524:181614] [MT] IDEDistribution: -[IDEDistributionLogging _createLoggingBundleAtPath:]: Created bundle at path '/var/folders/0n/h71pcgm54md26m5mz_mkz4140000gn/T/HM4CaregiverApp_2017-11-16_12-01-50.567.xcdistributionlogs'.
2017-11-16 12:01:51.629 xcodebuild[6524:181614] [MT] IDEDistribution: Step failed: <IDEDistributionSigningAssetsStep: 0x7fa082a1ffd0>: Error Domain=IDEDistributionSigningAssetStepErrorDomain Code=0 "Locating signing assets failed." UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=Locating signing assets failed., IDEDistributionSigningAssetStepUnderlyingErrors=(
    "Error Domain=IDEProvisioningErrorDomain Code=9 \"\"HM4CaregiverApp.app\" requires a provisioning profile with the Push Notifications feature.\" UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription=\"HM4CaregiverApp.app\" requires a provisioning profile with the Push Notifications feature., NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=Add a profile to the \"provisioningProfiles\" dictionary in your Export Options property list.}"
)}
error: exportArchive: "HM4CaregiverApp.app" requires a provisioning profile with the Push Notifications feature.

Error Domain=IDEProvisioningErrorDomain Code=9 ""HM4CaregiverApp.app" requires a provisioning profile with the Push Notifications feature." UserInfo={NSLocalizedDescription="HM4CaregiverApp.app" requires a provisioning profile with the Push Notifications feature., NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=Add a profile to the "provisioningProfiles" dictionary in your Export Options property list.}

** EXPORT FAILED **

Compare this report with issue #3046, then trace how provisioning values from build.xconfig are passed into the archive export. Reproduce the export with CLI 3.3 and Xcode 9.1 using the shown configuration and inspect the xcodebuild signing error. Done means the export supplies the required provisioning profile and completes successfully.