Feature Request: Retry on failed acquires (timeouterror/connectionerror)

Dieses Issue hat noch niemand übernommen.

* **asyncpg version**: 0.21.0
* **PostgreSQL version**: any
* **Do you use a PostgreSQL SaaS? If so, which? Can you reproduce
the issue with a local PostgreSQL install?**: -- dont use it
* **Python version**: any
* **Platform**: any
* **Do you use pgbouncer?**: no
* **Did you install asyncpg with pip?**: yes
* **If you built asyncpg locally, which version of Cython did you use?**: not built locally
* **Can the issue be reproduced under both asyncio and
[uvloop](https://github.com/magicstack/uvloop)?**: yes

Would you accept a contribution to asyncpg's Pool in which we can retry failed acquires (timeouterrors/connectionresetbypeer/...) which are caused by network issues?
The default behaviour wouldn't retry, as it's happening right now.

This is useful for data processing pipelines with multiple acquires in it's flow (distinct dbs): Being able to configure acquire_max_retries when creating the pool would help keeping the code simpler and not have to wrap all our 'acquires' with retries. The retry decorator logic on acquire can become non-trivial because of the contextmanager auto-releasing the connection after successful usage OR other errors (unrelated to asyncpg) that happen after acquiring a connection+exiting the context (this caused some pain for us).

If you are willing to accept this feature, I'm happy to implement it on my own and submit a PR.

Just to give you an idea, this is what we had to implement on our project in order to have pool acquires with retries:

```
async def retry(coro, exceptions=(Exception,), max_retries=3, retry_delay_seconds=0):
for attempt in range(max_retries):
try:
return await coro()
except exceptions:
logger.exception(f"{coro} attempt failed. Attempt {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}")
if attempt + 1 == max_retries:
raise
await asyncio.sleep(retry_delay_seconds)

class PoolWithRetries:
def __init__(self, pool: asyncpg.pool.Pool, max_retries=3, retry_delay_seconds=0):
self.pool = pool
self.max_retries = max_retries
self.retry_delay_seconds = retry_delay_seconds

@asynccontextmanager
async def acquire(self, *args, **kwargs):
# Reimplementation of PoolAcquireContext with retries
# Only supports `async with this.acquire() as con` syntax
con = await retry(
partial(self.pool.acquire, *args, **kwargs),
exceptions=(asyncio.TimeoutError, ConnectionError),
max_retries=self.max_retries,
retry_delay_seconds=self.retry_delay_seconds,
)
try:
yield con
finally:
await self.pool.release(con)

async def release(self, *args, **kwargs):
await self.pool.release(*args, **kwargs)

async def close(self):
await self.pool.close()
```

The implementation becomes much simpler if we can do it inside asyncpg.

Beginne mit dem asyncpg Pool.acquire-Einstiegspunkt und dem in der Issue beschriebenen Verhalten von PoolAcquireContext. Lege fest, wie konfigurierbare Acquire-Wiederholungen mit Timeout- und Verbindungsfehlern umgehen sollen, ohne andere Fehler zu wiederholen oder die Freigabe durch den Context Manager zu beeinträchtigen; füge anschließend Tests für das akzeptierte Wiederholungsverhalten hinzu, bevor du das Feature als vollständig betrachtest.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.