Widening cast has no effect

Nadie ha tomado este issue todavía.

### How are you using the lua-language-server?

Visual Studio Code Extension (sumneko.lua)

### Which OS are you using?

Linux

### What is the issue affecting?

Annotations, Type Checking, Hover

### Expected Behaviour

Cast unconditionally overwrites the variable's type with the new type.

### Actual Behaviour

Cast is ignored and in some cases causes additional type check errors.

### Reproduction steps

```lua
---@param str string
local function foo(str)
---@cast str +?
if str == '' then str = nil end
end
```
Note how it produces an error on assignment:
```
This variable is defined as type `string`. Cannot convert its type to `nil`.
- `nil` cannot match `string`
- Type `nil` cannot match `string` Lua Diagnostics.(cast-local-type)
```
Note also that the tooltip for `str` in the comparison says correctly that it is a `string?`. But this has no observable effect on the actual type.

Example two (attempted workaround):
```lua
---@param str string
local function foo(str)
---@cast str string?
if str == '' then str = nil end
end
```
Note how the cast causes a type check error now, which makes no sense.

Example three (from the wiki on cast, modified to actually verify that the cast worked):
```lua
---@type integer
local x

---@cast x +boolean
x = false
```
Note how it produces an error, similarly to the first example. You would expect at least the example from the official documentation itself to work, but it doesn't. This leads me to conclude this is a bug.

### Additional Notes

_No response_

### Log File

_No response_

Comienza ejecutando las tres reproducciones en Lua del issue y compara la información del hover con los diagnósticos de asignación. Traza el procesamiento de los casts y la ruta posterior de comprobación de tipos para las variables locales. Después, añade o actualiza la cobertura para que los casts de ampliación afecten a las comprobaciones de asignación sin introducir errores contradictorios.

Escrito por el modelo de indexación a partir del texto del issue.