[Feature request] Add cast function with sugared syntax

# Problem
MethodScript currently does not have a method to cast to any desired type. This makes it impossible to fully statically type programs such as:
```java
mixed @a = ...;
if(@a instanceof array) {
array @arr = @a; // Typecheck error, need to insert a cast.
}
```

# Proposed solution
- Add a `cast(mixed, classtype)` function that casts the given mixed to the given classtype, or throws a `ClassCastException` when it can't.
- Add `(type) expression` syntax that compiles to `cast(expression, type)`.

Note that MethodScript currently does have `integer(mixed)`, `string(mixed)`, `boolean(mixed)` and `double(mixed)` that all cast to one specific type.

The issue describes a new cast(mixed, classtype) function and sugared (type) expression syntax, including ClassCastException behavior and a type-checking example. No source files, tests, or entry points are named, so first locate the existing integer, string, boolean, and double conversions and the parser/type-checking paths for expressions. Done means both forms cast to the requested type and reject incompatible values as specified.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.