Use a properties file to customize a JDBC connection

### Use case

As of today, several tools rely on the JDBC client under the hood, including DataGrip, Tableau, DBeaver, and others. For Tableau, due to vendor limitations, it’s not possible to pass JDBC configurations through the connection string. Instead, configurations must be provided via a properties file.

This approach can also benefit other JDBC-based tools like DataGrip and DBeaver, or scenarios where customers prefer to manage configurations based on the environment rather than being tied to a specific application.

### Describe the solution you'd like

The client should look for the properties file in some default location, in the class path, or in a configurable path.

### Additional context

For Tableau's requirement, you can find details [here](https://help.tableau.com/current/pro/desktop/en-us/connect_customize.htm#use-a-properties-file-to-customize-a-jdbc-connection)

Iniziare esaminando i punti di ingresso della configurazione della connessione JDBC e i requisiti collegati di Tableau per il file delle proprietà; nell’issue non sono indicati file sorgenti né test. Definire il comportamento supportato per il valore predefinito, il classpath e il percorso configurabile, quindi verificare che uno strumento JDBC possa stabilire una connessione dal file delle proprietà.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.