Add template classes

Currently ACT does not support generic classes (aka template classes) which makes it hard to define certain types such as (type-safe) generic containers and algorithms.

For example, to define types like `Map`, `Map`, and `Map` in the API today, you would need to define the following:

```xml












```

This quickly becomes unmaintainable as for N instantiations you need to:

* Copy-paste and adjust the method definitions N times
* Maintain N implementation classes by:
* Writing the same code N times, or
* Writing a generic `Map` class yourself and inheriting from that N times (something like `class StringBarMap : public Map`)

Instead, ACT could provide support for generic classes, and it could look something like this (following previous discussions with @martinweismann and @alexanderoster):

```xml

```

The implementation stubs could then be generated as follows:

```c++
// Implementation Stubs
namespace Component { namespace Impl {

template
class CMap
{
public:
virtual void Add(TKey Key, TValue Value);

virtual TValue Get(TKey Key);

virtual void GetOut(TKey Key, TValue *pValue);

virtual void Clear();

virtual Component_uint32 Count();
};

class IntFooMap : public CMap
{
/* instantiates to:
virtual void Add(Component_int32 Key, IFoo * Value);

virtual IFoo * Get(Component_int32 Key);

virtual void GetOut(Component_int32 Key, IFoo **pValue);

virtual void Clear();

virtual Component_uint32 Count();
*/
};

class StringBarMap : public CMap
{
/* instantiates to:
virtual void Add(String * Key, IBar * Value);

virtual IBar * Get(String * Key);

virtual void GetOut(String * Key, IBar **pValue);

virtual void Clear();

virtual Component_uint32 Count();
*/
};

class IntDoubleMap : public CMap
{
/* instantiates to:
virtual void Add(Component_int32 Key, double Value);

virtual double Get(Component_int32 Key);

virtual void GetOut(Component_int32 Key, double *pValue);

virtual void Clear();

virtual Component_uint32 Count();
*/
};

}} // namespace Component::Impl
```

And the bindings:

```c++
// Bindings
namespace Component { namespace Binding {

class CMap
{
public:
virtual void Clear();

virtual Component_uint32 Count();
};

class IntFooMap : public CMap
{
virtual void Add(Component_int32 Key, IFoo * Value);

virtual IFoo * Get(Component_int32 Key);

virtual void GetOut(Component_int32 Key, IFoo **pValue);
};

class StringBarMap : public CMap
{
virtual void Add(String * Key, IBar * Value);

virtual IBar * Get(String * Key);

virtual void GetOut(String * Key, IBar **pValue);
};

class IntDoubleMap : public CMap
{
virtual void Add(Component_int32 Key, double Value);

virtual double Get(Component_int32 Key);

virtual void GetOut(Component_int32 Key, double *pValue);
};

}} // namespace Component::Binding
```

The API author would then only need to implement the template class CMap once.

Notes:
* Only works with strings if they're wrapped in a class
* Already a need for string wrapper class
* Can't support string without wrapper class because of different in/out/return types (`const std::string&` / `std::string &` / `std::string`)
* Template class signatures would differ from the simple / class types, won't work.
* Ref counting, need to check if type is a pointer or not to decide whether or not to call IncRefCount/DecRefCount.
* Provide a helper function with specializations for class / simple types
* Concepts
* Example: key type for map, how to compare?
* `pLhs->Compare(pRhs)`?
* `pLhs < pRhs`?
* Leave it up to the API author, C++ (pre C++20) didn't have support for Concepts either and relied on documentation
* API author can choose to write template functions with specializations like (ACT could document an example)
```c++
template
struct compare_helper {
static int compare(T lhs, T rhs);
};

template
struct compare_helper>>> {
static int compare(Comparable pLhs, Comparable pRhs) {
static_assert(std::is_member_function_pointer::Compare)>::value,
"Type does not implement Comparable concept (Comparable::Compare is not a member function).");
return pLhs->Compare(pRhs);
}
};

template
struct compare_helper>> {
static int compare(Comparable lhs, Comparable rhs) {
return lhs - rhs;
}
};

template
int compare(T lhs, T rhs) {
return compare_helper::compare(lhs,rhs);
}
// compare(pObject1, pObject2) => compiles only if pObject1 has Compare method
// compare(1,2)
```

Aucun fichier source, test ou point d’entrée n’est nommé. Commencez par examiner le schéma XML proposé pour templateclass/templateparam, ainsi que l’implémentation C++ générée et les exemples de bindings ; le travail est terminé lorsque des classes génériques peuvent être déclarées et que leurs stubs d’implémentation et leurs bindings sont générés pour les instanciations présentées.

Rédigé par le modèle d'indexation à partir du texte de l'issue.